Improving bioclimatic envelop modeling for Lichens through remote sensing based substratum correction: A study over Indian Himalaya

Abstract

In alpine Himalaya, the niche map of lichens and its characteristics is a gap area. A novel approach of improving the bioclimatic envelop through use of remote sensing inputs was employed. The 19 bioclimatic indices and digital elevation model were used for training niche models through occurrence records of 33 lichen species across Indian Himalaya. Substratum correction was carried out using LU/LC data. About 45% of the total geographic area studied is found to be very conducive (with niche probability > 70%) for the growth of lichens with predictive accuracy of 91% ascertained through cross-validation. Jammu and Kashmir is having highest niche area (36.02%); however, average probability niche score is highest in Uttarakhand (81.08). Area between 27o - 28o N latitude is having highest area however, average probability score is highest in 30o - 31o N. Overall maximum niche area (35.50 %) is found in the regions dominated by alpine meadow, alpine grasslands and parts of cold deserts. The potential use lies in reporting yet to be explored lichens in the Indian Himalaya.